JLPT N5 · Sentence patterns
がいます (ga imasu)
~がいます — “there is ~” (people and animals)
In short · Says that a person or animal is somewhere. The pattern is place に + person or animal が + います. For things, use あります.
Pattern
-
場所+に+人・動物+が+いますplace + に + person / animal + が + います
Basic pattern
に marks the place and が marks who or what is there: 公園に犬がいます.
What it is for
It is used for people and animals such as dogs, cats, teachers and friends, that is, living things that move by themselves.
Having family or friends
It also says someone has relatives or friends, as in 兄弟がいます. The negative is いません.
Examples
-
公園(こうえん)に犬(いぬ)がいます。
Kōen ni inu ga imasu.
There is a dog in the park.
-
教室(きょうしつ)に先生(せんせい)がいます。
Kyōshitsu ni sensei ga imasu.
There is a teacher in the classroom.
-
家(いえ)に猫(ねこ)がいます。
Ie ni neko ga imasu.
There is a cat at home.
Common mistakes
- Do not use います for objects or plants (not 机の上に本がいます).
- The negative is いません, not ありません.
More grammar points
- だ / です だ / です — “A is B”
- でも でも — “but / however” at the start of a sentence
- どんな どんな~ — “what kind of ~”
- どうやって どうやって~ — asking “how / by what means”
- があります ~があります — “there is ~” (things)
- がほしい ~がほしい — “I want ~”
- い-adjectives い-adjectives — adjectives ending in ~い
- 一緒(いっしょ)に 一緒に~ — “together (with)”
- じゃない・ではない ~じゃない / ~ではない — the negative of だ and です
- か~か A か B — “A or B”
- けど ~けど — casual “but / although”
- けれども ~けれども — a polite “but / although”
- な-adjectives な-adjectives — take な before a noun
- なる ~になる — “to become ~”
- んです ~んです — explaining the situation
- に行(い)く ~に行く — “go to do ~”
- にする ~にする — deciding on / choosing something
- のです ~のです — the explaining ending (casual: ~んです)
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