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JLPT N5 · Sentence patterns

代名詞(だいめいし)(彼(かれ)/彼女(かのじょ)/わたし など) (daimeishi)

Pronouns — わたし/彼/彼女

In short · Pronouns stand in for people. Common ones are わたし (I), あなた (you), 彼 (he) and 彼女 (she). They are used with particles like は and の. Japanese often leaves them out when the context is clear.
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Pattern

  • 代名詞+は/が+述語 彼女は医者です (She is a doctor)
  • 代名詞+の+名詞 わたしの友だち (my friend)

Main pronouns

わたし (I), あなた (you), 彼 (he), 彼女 (she). 彼 and 彼女 can also mean “boyfriend / girlfriend”, so use the person’s name when you want to be clear.

With particles

は marks the topic (わたしは毎日歩きます), の shows possession (彼はわたしの友だちです).

Often left out

Japanese does not always say “I” or “you”. If the subject is clear, it is dropped. Also, あなた is not used much to address a person; people use the name + さん.

Examples

  • 彼女(かのじょ)は 医者(いしゃ)です。

    Kanojo wa isha desu.

    She is a doctor.

  • 彼(かれ)はわたしの友(とも)だちです。

    Kare wa watashi no tomodachi desu.

    He is my friend.

  • わたしは毎日(まいにち)歩(ある)きます。

    Watashi wa mainichi arukimasu.

    I walk every day.

Common mistakes

  • Do not call someone あなた to their face too often; use their name + さん.
  • 彼 / 彼女 can mean boyfriend / girlfriend. Use the person’s name when unsure.

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