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JLPT N5 · Verb forms

ないで (naide)

~ないで — “without doing ~”

In short · Says that you do one thing without doing another. It is the nai-form of a verb plus で, in the pattern 〜しないで〜する.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ない形+で verb nai-form + で

How to use it

朝ご飯を食べないで学校へ行きました means going to school without having breakfast. The first action is skipped, and the second happens.

Related form

In writing you can also say 食べずに with the same meaning.

Request use

At the end of a sentence, ないで is also a casual request (行かないで).

Examples

  • 朝(あさ)ご飯(はん)を食(た)べないで学校(がっこう)へ行(い)きました。

    Asagohan o tabenaide gakkō e ikimashita.

    I went to school without eating breakfast.

  • 電気(でんき)を消(け)さないで寝(ね)ました。

    Denki o kesanaide nemashita.

    I went to sleep without turning off the light.

  • 傘(かさ)を持(も)たないで出(で)かけました。

    Kasa o motanaide dekakemashita.

    I went out without taking an umbrella.

Common mistakes

  • Do not confuse it with なくて, which gives a cause (食べなくて困った).
  • The form of する is しないで.

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