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JLPT N5 · Verb basics

ます (masu)

〜ます — the polite verb form

In short · The ます ending makes a verb polite. It changes for negative (ません), past (ました) and negative past (ませんでした).
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Pattern

  • V-ます do V (polite, present/future)
  • V-ません do not V
  • V-ました / V-ませんでした did V / did not V

What it does

A verb's dictionary form (のむ, "drink") becomes polite by changing to ます: のみます. Use the ます-form in everyday polite speech.

The four endings

Present/future: のみます. Negative: のみません. Past: のみました. Negative past: のみませんでした.

Present covers the future

Japanese has no separate future tense. あした いきます means "I will go tomorrow".

Examples

  • まいにち コーヒーを のみます。

    Mainichi kōhī o nomimasu.

    I drink coffee every day.

  • きのう えいがを みました。

    Kinō eiga o mimashita.

    I watched a movie yesterday.

    ました = polite past.

  • あしたは いきません。

    Ashita wa ikimasen.

    I won't go tomorrow.

    The present ません also covers the future.

Common mistakes

  • ます attaches to the verb stem, not the dictionary form: のむ → のみ + ます (のみます), never ×のむます.
  • The same ます-present is used for habits and the future — there is no extra future ending.

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