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JLPT N3 · Requests, permission & prohibition

こと (koto)

~こと — must ~ (written rule or instruction)

In short · Used at the end of a sentence after the dictionary or ない form to state a rule, notice or instruction: ~すること, ~しないこと. It is written-style and close to a command.
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Pattern

  • V辞書形+こと Dictionary form + こと
  • Vない形+こと ない-form + こと

Usage

Often seen on notices at schools, workplaces and facilities, and in memos and instructions. The action is nominalized and placed at the end: 廊下を走らないこと, 提出日は守ること. It sounds objective and rule-like compared with ~しなさい.

When to use

Speaking this way to a superior is usually rude, though teachers or parents may say it to children or students. A prohibition with ~ないこと is more businesslike than ~てはいけません.

Examples

  • 廊下(ろうか)を走(はし)らないこと。

    Rōka o hashiranai koto.

    Do not run in the hallway.

  • 図書館(としょかん)では静(しず)かにすること。

    Toshokan de wa shizuka ni suru koto.

    Be quiet in the library.

  • 締(し)め切(き)りは必(かなら)ず守(まも)ること。

    Shimekiri wa kanarazu mamoru koto.

    Be sure to meet the deadline.

Common mistakes

  • Used toward a superior it becomes a command and is rude. Use ~てください for requests.
  • Do not add です after the sentence-final こと.

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