さらに (sara ni)
さらに — furthermore / even more
Pattern
-
文。さらに、〜adds another point (さらに雨も降ってきた) -
さらに＋形容詞・動詞even more (さらに上手になりたい)
Adding something
It piles on content of the same direction to what has been said, as in 風が強くなり、さらに雨も降ってきた and 値段が安い上に、さらに送料も無料だ. It goes well with particles such as も and まで. It is more formal than そして and それに and suits writing.
Rising degree
As in さらに上手になりたい, it means going one more step beyond the present state. A word of changing degree follows, such as 上手になる or 大きくなる. It is close to もっと but more formal, suggesting something added on top of what is already considerable.
Examples
-
風（かぜ）が強（つよ）くなり、さらに雨（あめ）も降（ふ）ってきた。
Kaze ga tsuyoku nari, sara ni ame mo futte kita.
The wind got stronger, and furthermore it began to rain.
Adds a second bad condition.
-
値段（ねだん）が安（やす）い上（うえ）に、さらに送料（そうりょう）も無料（むりょう）だ。
Nedan ga yasui ue ni, sara ni sōryō mo muryō da.
Not only is the price low, but on top of that shipping is free.
Adds a second good point.
-
練習（れんしゅう）を重（かさ）ねて、さらに上手（じょうず）になりたい。
Renshū o kasanete, sara ni jōzu ni naritai.
By practicing more and more, I want to get even better.
Degree use: one step further.
Common mistakes
- What you add goes in the same direction as before. For the opposite use しかし.
- It is stiffer than conversational もっと. In casual talk use もっと or それに.
More grammar points
- ばよかった ～ばよかった — I should have ～, if only I had ～
- ばかりで ～ばかりで — only ～ (and nothing else, with a negative feeling)
- ばかりでなく ～ばかりでなく — not only ～ but also ～
- だけでなく ～だけでなく — not only ～ but also ～
- だけど だけど — but, however (casual)
- ふりをする ～ふりをする — pretending to ～
- 一方（いっぽう）だ ～一方だ — keeps ～ing in one direction
- 一体（いったい） 一体 — what on earth ～ (emphasizing a question)
- じゃない ～じゃない — isn't it ～! (surprise or confirmation)
- か何（なに）か ～か何か — ～ or something
- 代（か）わりに ～代わりに — instead of ～, in return for ～
- 結局（けっきょく） 結局 — in the end, after all
- きり ～きり — only ～; ever since ～
- っけ ～っけ — was it ～? (recalling)
- ことになっている ～ことになっている — it is the rule or plan that ～
- ことは～が ～ことは～が — it is true that ～, but ～
- くせに ～くせに — even though ～ (with reproach)
- も～ば～も A も ～ば B も ～ — both A and B
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