きり (kiri)
~きり — only ~; ever since ~
Pattern
-
Vた+きり(+否定)Past form + きり -
N/数量+きりNoun / quantity + きり
After a verb
会ったきり and 出かけたきり mean that action was the last one, with no later development. A negative or worrying statement often follows: 出かけたきり帰ってこない.
After a noun
In 二人きり or それっきり it means 'only' or 'nothing more.' Compared with だけ, it carries a feeling of regret or specialness. 一度きり works the same way.
Examples
-
彼(かれ)とは一度(いちど)会(あ)ったきりです。
Kare to wa ichido atta kiri desu.
I've only met him once.
-
祖父(そふ)は朝(あさ)出(で)かけたきり、まだ帰(かえ)ってこない。
Sofu wa asa dekaketa kiri, mada kaette konai.
My grandfather went out in the morning and still hasn't come back.
-
大事(だいじ)な話(はなし)があるので、二人(ふたり)きりで会(あ)いたい。
Daiji na hanashi ga aru node, futarikiri de aitai.
I have something important to discuss, so I want to meet just the two of us.
Common mistakes
- With verbs it follows the past form; 行くきり is wrong.
- After verb + きり a negative statement usually follows. 出かけたきり、元気だ is awkward.
More grammar points
- ばよかった ~ばよかった — I should have ~, if only I had ~
- ばかりで ~ばかりで — only ~ (and nothing else, with a negative feeling)
- ばかりでなく ~ばかりでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけでなく ~だけでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけど だけど — but, however (casual)
- ふりをする ~ふりをする — pretending to ~
- 一方(いっぽう)だ ~一方だ — keeps ~ing in one direction
- 一体(いったい) 一体 — what on earth ~ (emphasizing a question)
- じゃない ~じゃない — isn't it ~! (surprise or confirmation)
- か何(なに)か ~か何か — ~ or something
- 代(か)わりに ~代わりに — instead of ~, in return for ~
- 結局(けっきょく) 結局 — in the end, after all
- っけ ~っけ — was it ~? (recalling)
- ことになっている ~ことになっている — it is the rule or plan that ~
- ことは~が ~ことは~が — it is true that ~, but ~
- くせに ~くせに — even though ~ (with reproach)
- も~ば~も A も ~ば B も ~ — both A and B
- むしろ むしろ — rather, if anything
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