かな (kana)
~かな — “I wonder ~”
Pattern
-
動詞・い形容詞の普通形 + かな間に合う → 間に合うかな / うまくいく → うまくいくかな -
名詞・な形容詞(だ を除く)+ かなどこの国の人かな
Where it comes from
It is the question か with a softening な. The meaning is close to かしら, but both men and women use it. Nouns and na-adjectives take no だ.
When to use it
Use it to mutter about something you don't know or worry about: 明日の試験はうまくいくかな. It can also make an indirect request, as in 手伝ってくれないかな.
Things to watch
It is casual; use でしょうか with superiors or in formal situations. かな often does not seek an answer, but with a rising tone, ~かな? asks a close listener.
Examples
-
約束(やくそく)の時間(じかん)に間(ま)に合(あ)うかな。
Yakusoku no jikan ni maniau kana.
I wonder if I'll make it in time for the appointment.
-
明日(あした)の試験(しけん)はうまくいくかな。
Ashita no shiken wa umaku iku kana.
I wonder if tomorrow's exam will go well.
-
あの人(ひと)はどこの国(くに)の人(ひと)かな。
Ano hito wa doko no kuni no hito kana.
I wonder what country that person is from.
Common mistakes
- Do not add だ: it is 人かな, not 人だかな.
- Do not use it with superiors; say ~でしょうか politely.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
Practice this in the app
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