と言(い)われている (to iwarete iru)
~と言われている — it is said that ~
Pattern
-
普通形 + と言われている/と言われていますplain form + と言われている (passive of 言う + ている)
What it means
言われている is the passive of 言う plus ている, “is being said”. The source is not a particular person but people in general, so it is a good fit for facts that are widely known or handed down.
Compared with と聞いた
~と聞いた says that you personally heard it from someone. ~と言われている is a general report with no personal source. It is often used in explanations, news and guidebooks.
Examples
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この寺(てら)は千年前(せんねんまえ)に建(た)てられたと言(い)われています。
Kono tera wa sennen mae ni taterareta to iwarete imasu.
It is said that this temple was built a thousand years ago.
-
この果物(くだもの)は体(からだ)にいいと言(い)われている。
Kono kudamono wa karada ni ii to iwarete iru.
This fruit is said to be good for your health.
-
その山(やま)には昔(むかし)神様(かみさま)がいたと言(い)われています。
Sono yama ni wa mukashi kamisama ga ita to iwarete imasu.
It is said that long ago a god lived on that mountain.
Common mistakes
- Do not use it for something you heard from a specific person; use ~と聞いた or ~そうだ for that.
- Keep ている: 言われる alone sounds like a one-time event of being told something.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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