ようだ (you da)
~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
Pattern
-
普通形 + ようだverbs and い-adjectives: plain form + ようだ -
な形容詞 + な/名詞 + の + ようだ静かなようだ, 病気のようだ
Evidence you perceived yourself
ようだ is used when the speaker has some evidence from their own senses: 誰もいない (no one answers), みんなコートを着ている (everyone wears a coat), so 外は寒いようだ. The judgment is based on what you observe, not on pure guesswork.
Compared with similar forms
~そうだ (hearsay) passes on what you were told, and ~そうだ (appearance) is based on looks. ~らしい also has a hearsay feel. ようだ is the neutral choice for an inference from direct evidence. The polite form is ようです.
Examples
-
家(いえ)には誰(だれ)もいないようだ。
Ie ni wa dare mo inai yō da.
It seems no one is at home.
-
外(そと)は寒(さむ)いようだ。みんなコートを着(き)ている。
Soto wa samui yō da. Minna kōto o kite iru.
It seems cold outside. Everyone is wearing a coat.
-
隣(となり)の部屋(へや)には誰(だれ)かいるようです。
Tonari no heya ni wa dare ka iru yō desu.
It seems someone is in the next room.
Common mistakes
- Nouns take の and な-adjectives take な before ようだ: 病気のようだ, 静かなようだ.
- It is not for things the speaker already knows for sure, such as your own feelings.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- そうに / そうな ~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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