JLPT N4 · Guessing & hearsay
そうに / そうな (sou ni / sou na)
~そうに / ~そうな — adverb and modifier forms of “looks ~”
In short · The adverbial そうに and the noun-modifying そうな forms of appearance そうだ: 楽しそうに遊ぶ, 眠そうな顔.
Pattern
-
語幹+そうに+動詞Stem + そうに + verb (楽しそうに遊ぶ) -
語幹+そうな+名詞Stem + そうな + noun (眠そうな顔)
How to use it
そうに describes how an action is done; そうな describes a noun. The stem is made the same way as for ~そうだ.
Feelings of others
Another person’s feelings are hard to state directly, so そう is often used: 楽しそう, 寒そう. For your own feelings you can simply say 楽しい.
Examples
-
子(こ)どもたちは楽(たの)しそうに遊(あそ)んでいます。
Kodomo-tachi wa tanoshisō ni asonde imasu.
The children are playing happily.
-
彼(かれ)は眠(ねむ)そうな顔(かお)をしている。
Kare wa nemusō na kao o shite iru.
He has a sleepy-looking face.
-
犬(いぬ)が寒(さむ)そうにふるえている。
Inu ga samusō ni furuete iru.
The dog is shivering as if it's cold.
Common mistakes
- そうに goes before a verb, そうな before a noun.
- いい and ない become よさそうに and なさそうな.
More grammar points
- はずだ ~はずだ — “should be ~ / is expected to ~”
- はずがない ~はずがない — “there's no way ~”
- かしら ~かしら — “I wonder ~” (feminine)
- かもしれない ~かもしれない — “might ~ / maybe ~”
- かな ~かな — “I wonder ~”
- きっと きっと — “surely / certainly”
- みたいだ ~みたいだ — “seems like ~ / is like ~”
- みたいな ~みたいな — “~-like / such as ~” (before a noun)
- みたいに ~みたいに — “like ~” (before a verb or adjective)
- に見(み)える ~に見える — “look ~ / appear ~”
- らしい ~らしい — “it seems ~ / I hear ~”
- そうだ ~そうだ — hearsay (“I hear that ~”)
- そうだ ~そうだ — appearance (“looks ~”)
- と言(い)われている ~と言われている — it is said that ~
- と聞(き)いた ~と聞いた — I heard that ~
- ようだ ~ようだ — it seems ~, it appears ~
- ように / ような ~ように/~ような — like ~, as ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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