さ (sa)
~さ — turns an adjective into a noun (“-ness”)
Pattern
-
い形容詞(い取る)+さい-adj minus い + さ (高い → 高さ) -
な形容詞の語幹+さNa-adj stem + さ (静か → 静かさ)
How to make it
For i-adjectives drop the final い and add さ; いい becomes よさ. For na-adjectives, add さ directly to the stem.
How it is used
Many are measurable quantities: 高さ, 重さ, 長さ, 広さ, 大きさ. Others show the strength of a feeling: 寒さ, 楽しさ. The result behaves as a noun and takes の, は, に and so on.
Examples
-
この山(やま)の高(たか)さは三千(さんぜん)メートルです。
Kono yama no takasa wa sanzen mētoru desu.
The height of this mountain is 3,000 meters.
-
この荷物(にもつ)の重(おも)さは十(じゅう)キロだ。
Kono nimotsu no omosa wa jukkiro da.
The weight of this luggage is ten kilos.
-
冬(ふゆ)の朝(あさ)の寒(さむ)さには驚(おどろ)いた。
Fuyu no asa no samusa ni wa odoroita.
I was surprised by the coldness of a winter morning.
Common mistakes
- いい becomes よさ, not いさ.
- Not every adjective takes さ naturally; learn the common pairs.
More grammar points
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- 始(はじ)める ~始める — begin to do ~
- にくい ~にくい — “hard to ~”
- 終(お)わる ~終わる — “finish ~ing”
- 続(つづ)ける ~続ける — keep on ~ing
- やすい ~やすい — easy to ~, tends to ~
- づらい ~づらい — hard to ~, awkward to ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
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