がり (gari)
~がり — a person who easily feels ~
Pattern
-
形容詞の語幹+がりadjective stem + がり (寒い → 寒がり, 暑い → 暑がり) -
な形容詞の語幹+がりna-adjective stem + がり (怖い・さびしがり)
Connection
Drop い from an い-adjective and add がり: 寒い → 寒がり, 暑い → 暑がり, 恥ずかしい → 恥ずかしがり (shy), 怖い → 怖がり (easily scared). A few な-adjectives also work, like さびしがり.
What it describes
It names a type of person by their usual tendency: 妹は寒がりです (my sister feels the cold easily). It is a noun, so it can take です, の and other particles.
Relation to ~がる
がり comes from the verb ~がる (to show signs of feeling ~), which is used to describe other people's feelings: 寒がっている. The noun がり turns that into a trait.
Examples
-
妹(いもうと)は寒(さむ)がりです。
Imōto wa samugari desu.
My sister is sensitive to the cold.
寒い → 寒 + がり.
-
父(ちち)は暑(あつ)がりで、冬(ふゆ)でも窓(まど)を開(あ)ける。
Chichi wa atsugari de, fuyu demo mado o akeru.
My father tends to feel hot easily, and opens the window even in winter.
暑がりで links to the next clause.
-
その子(こ)は恥(は)ずかしがりで、あまり話(はな)さない。
Sono ko wa hazukashigari de, amari hanasanai.
That child is shy and doesn't talk much.
恥ずかしい → 恥ずかし + がり.
Common mistakes
- Drop い before がり: 寒がり, not 寒いがり.
- がり describes a general tendency of a person, not a feeling at this moment. For the moment, use ~がる (寒がっている).
More grammar points
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- 始(はじ)める ~始める — begin to do ~
- にくい ~にくい — “hard to ~”
- 終(お)わる ~終わる — “finish ~ing”
- さ ~さ — turns an adjective into a noun (“-ness”)
- 続(つづ)ける ~続ける — keep on ~ing
- やすい ~やすい — easy to ~, tends to ~
- づらい ~づらい — hard to ~, awkward to ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
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