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JLPT N4 · Compound verbs & suffixes

にくい (nikui)

~にくい — “hard to ~”

In short · Added to the ます-stem of a verb, にくい means that something is hard to do. It describes the nature of an object, tool or situation that makes the action difficult. It works like an i-adjective, so it conjugates as one.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ます形の語幹 + にくい 飲む → 飲みにくい / 読む → 読みにくい / 歩く → 歩きにくい
  • 〜にくかった/〜にくくない/〜にくいです Conjugates like an i-adjective: 読みにくかった, 読みにくくない

Where it comes from

Add にくい to the ます-stem of a verb (飲み, 読み). にくい is a suffix meaning “difficult,” and the whole word becomes an i-adjective. The opposite is やすい (飲みやすい, 読みやすい).

When to use it

Use it when the nature of a thing or situation makes an action hard: the medicine is bitter and hard to take, the writing is small and hard to read, the new shoes are hard to walk in. It pairs well with ~て and ~ので to give the reason.

Things to watch

When the difficulty comes from a person's ability or feelings, use 難しい or づらい rather than にくい. にくい describes the nature of the object or tool itself.

Examples

  • この薬(くすり)は苦(にが)くて飲(の)みにくいです。

    Kono kusuri wa nigakute nomi nikui desu.

    This medicine is bitter and hard to take.

  • この字(じ)は小(ちい)さくて読(よ)みにくい。

    Kono ji wa chiisakute yomi nikui.

    This writing is small and hard to read.

  • 新(あたら)しい靴(くつ)はまだ歩(ある)きにくい。

    Atarashii kutsu wa mada aruki nikui.

    The new shoes are still hard to walk in.

Common mistakes

  • Attach it to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form: 飲みにくい, not 飲むにくい.
  • The negative is ~にくくない; 飲みにくじゃない is wrong.

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