にくい (nikui)
~にくい — “hard to ~”
Pattern
-
動詞ます形の語幹 + にくい飲む → 飲みにくい / 読む → 読みにくい / 歩く → 歩きにくい -
〜にくかった/〜にくくない/〜にくいですConjugates like an i-adjective: 読みにくかった, 読みにくくない
Where it comes from
Add にくい to the ます-stem of a verb (飲み, 読み). にくい is a suffix meaning “difficult,” and the whole word becomes an i-adjective. The opposite is やすい (飲みやすい, 読みやすい).
When to use it
Use it when the nature of a thing or situation makes an action hard: the medicine is bitter and hard to take, the writing is small and hard to read, the new shoes are hard to walk in. It pairs well with ~て and ~ので to give the reason.
Things to watch
When the difficulty comes from a person's ability or feelings, use 難しい or づらい rather than にくい. にくい describes the nature of the object or tool itself.
Examples
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この薬(くすり)は苦(にが)くて飲(の)みにくいです。
Kono kusuri wa nigakute nomi nikui desu.
This medicine is bitter and hard to take.
-
この字(じ)は小(ちい)さくて読(よ)みにくい。
Kono ji wa chiisakute yomi nikui.
This writing is small and hard to read.
-
新(あたら)しい靴(くつ)はまだ歩(ある)きにくい。
Atarashii kutsu wa mada aruki nikui.
The new shoes are still hard to walk in.
Common mistakes
- Attach it to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form: 飲みにくい, not 飲むにくい.
- The negative is ~にくくない; 飲みにくじゃない is wrong.
More grammar points
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- 始(はじ)める ~始める — begin to do ~
- 終(お)わる ~終わる — “finish ~ing”
- さ ~さ — turns an adjective into a noun (“-ness”)
- 続(つづ)ける ~続ける — keep on ~ing
- やすい ~やすい — easy to ~, tends to ~
- づらい ~づらい — hard to ~, awkward to ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
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