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JLPT N4 · Sentence patterns

し (shi)

~し — listing reasons or points (“and, what’s more”)

In short · Added to the plain form to list reasons or facts, with the feeling that there are more. 安いし、おいしい. It can also give a reason in place of ~から.
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Pattern

  • 普通形+し Plain form + し (安いし / 疲れたし / 静かだし)

Listing

In A(だ)し、B(だ) you line up good or bad points. Nouns and na-adjectives keep だ: 静かだし.

As a reason

Even one reason works, as in 疲れたし、早く寝よう, with the hint that there are other reasons too.

Examples

  • この店(みせ)は安(やす)いし、おいしいです。

    Kono mise wa yasui shi, oishii desu.

    This shop is cheap, and what's more, delicious.

  • 今日(きょう)は疲(つか)れたし、早(はや)く寝(ね)よう。

    Kyō wa tsukareta shi, hayaku neyō.

    I'm tired today, and so let's go to bed early.

  • この部屋(へや)は明(あか)るいし、静(しず)かだ。

    Kono heya wa akarui shi, shizuka da.

    This room is bright, and it's quiet too.

Common mistakes

  • Nouns and na-adjectives need だ: 静かだし, not 静かし.
  • Do not use it for a sequence of actions; that is the job of て.

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