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JLPT N4 · Sentence patterns

かどうか (ka dou ka)

~かどうか — “whether (or not) ~”

In short · かどうか turns a yes/no question into a clause inside a longer sentence: “whether ~ or not.” It attaches to the plain form and is followed by words like 分からない, 調べる, 聞く or 確かめる.
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Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞の普通形 + かどうか 来る → 来るかどうか / 開いている → 開いているかどうか
  • 名詞・な形容詞(だ を除く)+ かどうか 本当かどうか / 無料かどうか

Where it comes from

It is the question particle か plus どうか (“whether it is so or not”). With nouns and na-adjectives, attach it to the bare stem without だ (本当かどうか). どうか can be dropped to give just ~か.

When to use it

Use it when the answer is not yet known, as in 彼が来るかどうか分かりません. It goes well with 確かめる, 調べる, 聞く and 決める.

Difference from similar words

Questions that contain a question word (何, いつ, どこ) take か only: いつ来るか分からない. かどうか is for yes/no questions without a question word.

Examples

  • 彼(かれ)が来(く)るかどうか分(わ)かりません。

    Kare ga kuru ka dō ka wakarimasen.

    I don't know whether he will come.

  • この店(みせ)が今日(きょう)開(あ)いているかどうか調(しら)べる。

    Kono mise ga kyō aite iru ka dō ka shiraberu.

    I'll check whether this shop is open today.

  • 彼(かれ)の話(はなし)が本当(ほんとう)かどうか分(わ)からない。

    Kare no hanashi ga hontō ka dō ka wakaranai.

    I don't know whether his story is true or not.

    A noun-like word takes かどうか with no だ.

Common mistakes

  • Say 本当かどうか, not 本当だかどうか. Do not add だ after nouns or na-adjectives.
  • Do not use it with a question word: it is いつ来るか, not いつ来るかどうか.

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