JLPTMainichi JLPT
English
JLPT N4 · Sentence patterns

ながら (nagara)

~ながら — doing two things at once

In short · ながら connects two actions done at the same time by the same person: “do A while doing B.” Attach it to the ます-stem of a verb. The main action is the one at the end of the sentence.
A free study page from Mainichi JLPT — the app has 429+ grammar points, plus vocabulary and mock exams.See the app

Pattern

  • 動詞ます形の語幹 + ながら + 動詞 Verb ます-stem + ながら + main verb (e.g. 聞きながら勉強する)

How to make it

Drop ます from the polite form and add ながら: 聞きます → 聞きながら, 見ます → 見ながら, 歩きます → 歩きながら. The tense is decided only by the last verb in the sentence, so the verb before ながら never changes.

Which action is the main one?

The action at the end of the sentence is the main one, and the ながら part is the accompanying action. 音楽を聞きながら勉強する means studying is the main thing and listening is in the background. Switching the order switches the emphasis.

Conditions to remember

Both actions must have the same subject and must be continuing actions (not instant changes). Use ながら for two actions in parallel. For a different subject, use ~あいだ (while) instead. It is mostly used with ongoing actions rather than states.

Examples

  • 音楽(おんがく)を聞(き)きながら勉強(べんきょう)します。

    Ongaku o kikinagara benkyō shimasu.

    I study while listening to music.

    聞きます → 聞き + ながら. Studying is the main action.

  • テレビを見(み)ながらご飯(はん)を食(た)べる。

    Terebi o minagara gohan o taberu.

    I eat while watching TV.

    Plain form at the end; the verb before ながら stays the same.

  • 歩(ある)きながら電話(でんわ)をするのは危(あぶ)ない。

    Arukinagara denwa o suru no wa abunai.

    It is dangerous to talk on the phone while walking.

    The ながら clause can sit inside a longer phrase; のは turns it into a topic.

Common mistakes

  • Use the ます-stem, not the te-form or the dictionary form. Say 聞きながら, not 聞いてながら or 聞くながら.
  • The two actions need the same subject. Do not use ながら when two different people do the two actions.

More grammar points

Practice this in the app

Mainichi JLPT turns these grammar points into daily quizzes and a readiness gauge — 100% free, no sign-up.

See the app