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JLPT N3 · Guessing & hearsay

ということだ (to iu koto da)

ということだ — “it means ~ / I hear ~”

In short · Plain form + ということだ has two uses. It explains the meaning or conclusion of a situation (“that means ~”), and it passes on information heard from someone else (“I hear that ~”). The context shows which one is meant.
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Pattern

  • 普通形 + ということだ(結論・意味) plain form + ということだ: conclusion (もう寝たということだ)
  • 普通形 + ということだ(伝聞) plain form + ということだ: hearsay (出張するということだ)
  • 〜ということは、〜ということだ …ということは、…ということだ: A means B

Conclusion: “that means ~”

After describing a situation, you say what it implies. 電気が消えている。つまり、もう寝たということだ. Often accompanied by つまり. In the pattern ~ということは、~ということだ, the first part is a fact and the second part is its meaning.

Hearsay: “I hear ~”

It can also pass on what you heard, like ~そうだ: 部長は来週出張するということだ. It sounds a little more formal and is used in reports and news. The source is another person.

How to tell them apart

If the sentence explains or interprets something, it is a conclusion. If it simply carries news from someone, it is hearsay. Look for つまり or ということは for the conclusion use.

Examples

  • 電気(でんき)が消(き)えている。つまり、もう寝(ね)たということだ。

    Denki ga kiete iru. Tsumari, mō neta to iu koto da.

    The lights are off. That means he's already asleep.

    Conclusion drawn from the situation.

  • 部長(ぶちょう)は来週(らいしゅう)出張(しゅっちょう)するということだ。

    Buchō wa raishū shutchō suru to iu koto da.

    I hear the manager will be on a business trip next week.

    Hearsay: passing on what someone said.

  • 返事(へんじ)がないということは、賛成(さんせい)ということだ。

    Henji ga nai to iu koto wa, sansei to iu koto da.

    No reply means that it's approval.

Common mistakes

  • In the hearsay use, the source of information is someone else. Do not use it to report your own personal discovery.
  • A guess like たぶん is not the same as ということだ; the latter states an interpretation or a heard fact.

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