中(ちゅう) (chuu / juu)
~中 (ちゅう/じゅう) — during ~, within ~
Pattern
-
動作名詞 + 中(ちゅう)in the middle of (an action): 会議中, 勉強中, 使用中 -
時間の名詞 + 中(じゅう)throughout / by the end of: 今日中, 今週中, 一日中
ちゅう: in the middle of
After a noun of an action, 中 (ちゅう) means that the action is going on now: 会議中 (in a meeting), 電話中 (on the phone). Signs use it often: 使用中, 営業中. The next example (会議中は…) means “while the meeting is going on.”
じゅう: within a period
After a period of time, 中 (じゅう) means the whole of it or any time within it: 今日中に終わらせる (finish within today), 一日中 (all day long). With a deadline, it means “by the end of that period.”
Examples
-
今日(きょう)中(じゅう)にこの仕事(しごと)を終(お)わらせます。
Kyō-jū ni kono shigoto o owarasemasu.
I'll finish this work by the end of today.
-
今週(こんしゅう)中(じゅう)に返事(へんじ)をください。
Konshū-jū ni henji o kudasai.
Please give me a reply by the end of this week.
-
会議(かいぎ)中(ちゅう)は携帯電話(けいたいでんわ)の電源(でんげん)を切(き)ってください。
Kaigi-chū wa keitai denwa no dengen o kitte kudasai.
Please turn off your cell phone during the meeting.
Common mistakes
- Mind the reading: 今日中 is きょうじゅう (within today), 会議中 is かいぎちゅう (during the meeting).
- With a period of time, 〜中に means a deadline. Do not use it for something that will continue after the period.
More grammar points
- ぶりに ~ぶりに — for the first time in ~ (a period)
- ふと ふと — suddenly, on an impulse
- ごとに ~ごとに — every ~, at each ~
- 一度(いちど)に 一度に — all at once
- から〜にかけて ~から~にかけて — from ~ through ~
- にかけて ~から~にかけて — spanning from ~ to ~
- につれて ~につれて — as ~ progresses, ~ changes
- 際(さい)に ~際に — at the time of ~ / when ~
- 最中(さいちゅう)に ~最中に — right in the middle of ~
- しばらく しばらく — for a while
- すでに すでに — already
- たとたん ~たとたん — “the moment ~”
- たびに ~たびに — “every time ~”
- てはじめて ~てはじめて — “only after ~ing”
- てからでないと ~てからでないと — “not unless ~ first”
- 途中(とちゅう)で/途中(とちゅう)に 途中で/途中に — “on the way / partway through”
- ついに ついに — “finally / in the end”
- うちに ~うちに — “while ~ / before it changes”
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