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JLPT N3 · Compound verbs & suffixes

かける (kakeru)

~かける — half-done, in the middle of ~

In short · Shows an action that is half-done or just begun and not finished. It attaches to a verb stem, and ~かけの+noun is a common form.
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Pattern

  • Vます形(ます抜き)+かける Verb stem + かける
  • Vます形(ます抜き)+かけの+N Verb stem + かけの + noun

Meaning and form

読みかける means having started to read but not finished. The noun-modifying form is very common: 読みかけの本, 飲みかけのコーヒー, 食べかけのパン. It also covers stopping partway, as in 言いかけて、やめた.

Compared with similar forms

~始める is about the beginning of an action, while ~かける stresses the unfinished middle. ~終わる means finished; ~かけ means unfinished.

Examples

  • 飲(の)みかけのコーヒーが置(お)いてある。

    Nomikake no kōhī ga oite aru.

    There's a half-finished coffee left here.

  • 言(い)いかけてやめられると、かえって気(き)になる。

    Iikakete yamerareru to, kaette ki ni naru.

    When someone starts to say something and then stops, it bothers me even more.

  • 読(よ)みかけの本(ほん)が机(つくえ)に置(お)いたままだ。

    Yomikake no hon ga tsukue ni oita mama da.

    A half-read book is left on the desk.

Common mistakes

  • かける marks a halfway state, not a deliberate start. 勉強をかける is not a phrase.
  • Before a noun use ~かけの: 飲みかけのコーヒー, not 飲みかけコーヒー.

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