ないと (naito)
~ないと — if you don't ~, then ~ (so you must ~)
Pattern
-
Vない形+とない-form + と
Meaning and form
急がないと電車に遅れる states a condition and its result. A sentence cut short, as in もう帰らないと, means 'I have to go home' and explains one's situation.
Compared with similar forms
More conversational than ~なければならない. ~ないと is often left hanging with だめだ or いけない omitted. For politeness use ~ないといけません or ~なければなりません.
Examples
-
急(いそ)がないと、電車(でんしゃ)に遅(おく)れる。
Isoganai to, densha ni okureru.
If we don't hurry, we'll miss the train.
-
薬(くすり)は食後(しょくご)に飲(の)まないと、効(き)かない。
Kusuri wa shokugo ni nomanai to, kikanai.
If you don't take the medicine after meals, it won't work.
-
もう帰(かえ)らないと、母(はは)に叱(しか)られる。
Mō kaeranai to, haha ni shikarareru.
If I don't go home now, my mother will scold me.
Common mistakes
- A good outcome cannot follow it: 勉強しないと合格する is wrong.
- With superiors use a polite form; ending with 帰らないと alone sounds casual.
More grammar points
- ば~のに ~ば~のに — if only ~, then ~ (regret)
- どんなに~ても どんなに~ても — no matter how ~
- いくら~ても いくら~ても — no matter how much ~
- もしも〜たら もしも~たら — if ever ~ (hypothetical)
- にしても ~にしても — even if ~ / even granting ~
- さえ~ば ~さえ~ば — if only ~ / as long as ~
- たとえ~ても たとえ~ても — “even if ~”
- たって ~たって — casual “even if ~”
- とすれば・としたら・とすると とすれば/としたら/とすると — “supposing ~ / if ~”
- かぎり ~かぎり — “as long as ~ / as far as ~”
- 上(あ)げる ~上げる — to finish ~ completely
- あまり あまりの~に — so ~ that ~
- あまりにも あまりにも — far too ~, excessively
- 合(あ)う ~合う — do ~ to each other; to fit, to suit
- ばいい ~ばいい — you just have to ~, it is fine to just ~
- ばよかった ~ばよかった — I should have ~, if only I had ~
- ば~ほど ~ば~ほど — the more ~, the more ~
- ばかりで ~ばかりで — only ~ (and nothing else, with a negative feeling)
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