ずつ (zutsu)
~ずつ — “~ each / ~ at a time”
Pattern
-
数量詞+ずつ二枚ずつ, 一錠ずつ (same amount each) -
副詞(少し・ゆっくり など)+ずつ少しずつ (little by little)
Equal share
一人に二枚ずつ配る: two to each person. The unit (each person) is marked with に, the amount with ずつ. In 朝と夜に一錠ずつ, the same amount is taken at each time.
Little by little
With 少し, ずつ expresses a gradual process: 少しずつ上手になる. This is typical for learning and habits: 少しずつでいいから、毎日続けることが大切だ.
Difference from ごとに
ごとに means “every (time unit / each item)” and focuses on the repetition. ずつ focuses on the amount allotted. 1時間ごとに休む vs 1時間に10分ずつ休む.
Examples
-
一人(ひとり)に二枚(にまい)ずつ配(くば)ってください。
Hitori ni nimai zutsu kubatte kudasai.
Please hand out two sheets to each person.
-
薬(くすり)は朝(あさ)と夜(よる)に一錠(いちじょう)ずつ飲(の)んでください。
Kusuri wa asa to yoru ni ichijou zutsu nonde kudasai.
Please take one tablet each, morning and night.
-
少(すこ)しずつでいいから、毎日(まいにち)続(つづ)けることが大切(たいせつ)だ。
Sukoshi zutsu de ii kara, mainichi tsudzukeru koto ga taisetsu da.
A little at a time is fine; what matters is keeping it up every day.
Common mistakes
- Do not use ずつ for different amounts each time. It means the same amount.
- It follows the quantity, not the noun: 二枚ずつ, not 紙ずつ.
More grammar points
- ばよかった ~ばよかった — I should have ~, if only I had ~
- ばかりで ~ばかりで — only ~ (and nothing else, with a negative feeling)
- ばかりでなく ~ばかりでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけでなく ~だけでなく — not only ~ but also ~
- だけど だけど — but, however (casual)
- ふりをする ~ふりをする — pretending to ~
- 一方(いっぽう)だ ~一方だ — keeps ~ing in one direction
- 一体(いったい) 一体 — what on earth ~ (emphasizing a question)
- じゃない ~じゃない — isn't it ~! (surprise or confirmation)
- か何(なに)か ~か何か — ~ or something
- 代(か)わりに ~代わりに — instead of ~, in return for ~
- 結局(けっきょく) 結局 — in the end, after all
- きり ~きり — only ~; ever since ~
- っけ ~っけ — was it ~? (recalling)
- ことになっている ~ことになっている — it is the rule or plan that ~
- ことは~が ~ことは~が — it is true that ~, but ~
- くせに ~くせに — even though ~ (with reproach)
- も~ば~も A も ~ば B も ~ — both A and B
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