JLPT N4 · Conditionals (if / when)
たら (tara)
~たら — “if / when ~”
In short · A conditional made by adding ら to the ta-form. It covers both “if ~” (hypothetical) and “when ~ (has happened)”.
Pattern
-
動詞・い形容詞のた形+らTa-form + ら (着いたら / 寒かったら) -
名詞・な形容詞+だったらNoun / na-adj + だったら (雨だったら)
Two meanings
雨が降ったら中止 is hypothetical (“if it rains”). 駅に着いたら電話して means “after you arrive”, when arriving is nearly certain.
The main clause
The latter half can freely be a request, intention, command or suggestion (電話してください, 遊びに行こう), which makes it more flexible than と or ば.
Examples
-
駅(えき)に着(つ)いたら、電話(でんわ)してください。
Eki ni tsuitara, denwa shite kudasai.
When you arrive at the station, please call me.
-
宿題(しゅくだい)が終(お)わったら、遊(あそ)びに行(い)こう。
Shukudai ga owattara, asobi ni ikō.
When I finish my homework, let's go out and play.
-
もし雨(あめ)が降(ふ)ったら、試合(しあい)は中止(ちゅうし)です。
Moshi ame ga futtara, shiai wa chūshi desu.
If it rains, the match will be canceled.
Common mistakes
- Nouns and na-adjectives use だったら (雨だったら), not 雨たら.
- The “when I did ~, I found …” use, with a past ending, is a separate usage.
More grammar points
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- なら ~なら — “if it is the case that ~ / if ~”
- ても ~ても — “even if ~”
- と ~と — whenever ~, (then) ~
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
- でも 名詞でも — “~ or something / how about ~?”
- ではないか ~ではないか — “isn’t it ~? / isn’t that so?”
- が必要(がひつよう) ~が必要だ — “~ is necessary / needed”
- がする ~がする — sensing a smell, sound, taste or feeling
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
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