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JLPT N4 · Conditionals (if / when)

たら (tara)

~たら — “if / when ~”

In short · A conditional made by adding ら to the ta-form. It covers both “if ~” (hypothetical) and “when ~ (has happened)”.
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Pattern

  • 動詞・い形容詞のた形+ら Ta-form + ら (着いたら / 寒かったら)
  • 名詞・な形容詞+だったら Noun / na-adj + だったら (雨だったら)

Two meanings

雨が降ったら中止 is hypothetical (“if it rains”). 駅に着いたら電話して means “after you arrive”, when arriving is nearly certain.

The main clause

The latter half can freely be a request, intention, command or suggestion (電話してください, 遊びに行こう), which makes it more flexible than と or ば.

Examples

  • 駅(えき)に着(つ)いたら、電話(でんわ)してください。

    Eki ni tsuitara, denwa shite kudasai.

    When you arrive at the station, please call me.

  • 宿題(しゅくだい)が終(お)わったら、遊(あそ)びに行(い)こう。

    Shukudai ga owattara, asobi ni ikō.

    When I finish my homework, let's go out and play.

  • もし雨(あめ)が降(ふ)ったら、試合(しあい)は中止(ちゅうし)です。

    Moshi ame ga futtara, shiai wa chūshi desu.

    If it rains, the match will be canceled.

Common mistakes

  • Nouns and na-adjectives use だったら (雨だったら), not 雨たら.
  • The “when I did ~, I found …” use, with a past ending, is a separate usage.

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