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JLPT N5 · Requests, permission & prohibition

なくてはならない (nakute wa naranai)

~なくてはならない — a formal “must ~”

In short · A formal way to say something must be done, such as rules or duties. Drop い from the nai-form, add なくては, and follow with ならない.
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Pattern

  • 動詞ない形(−い)+なくては+ならない verb nai-form + なくてはならない

How to use it

It fits things that are required by rules or custom, regardless of the speaker’s feelings (規則を守らなくてはなりません).

Difference from いけない

なくてはいけない often carries the speaker’s own judgment. なくてはならない sounds objective and formal.

Where it appears

It appears in notices, explanations and news, that is, in somewhat formal settings.

Examples

  • 規則(きそく)を守(まも)らなくてはなりません。

    Kisoku o mamoranakute wa narimasen.

    We must follow the rules.

  • 毎日(まいにち)薬(くすり)を飲(の)まなくてはなりません。

    Mainichi kusuri o nomanakute wa narimasen.

    I must take medicine every day.

  • 六時(ろくじ)までに帰(かえ)らなくてはなりません。

    Rokuji made ni kaeranakute wa narimasen.

    I must return home by six o'clock.

Common mistakes

  • ならない here is not a prohibition. The prohibition is 〜てはならない.
  • In conversation ないといけない often sounds more natural.

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