JLPT N4 · Verb forms
ておく (te oku)
~ておく — “do ~ in advance”
In short · Attach おく to the te-form to do something ahead of time for later. It also means leaving something as it is.
Pattern
-
動詞て形+おくVerb te-form + おく (買っておく)
How to use it
Use it for preparing so you are not in trouble later: 旅行の前に切符を買っておく. Past: ~ておいた.
Spoken style
In casual speech ~ておく contracts to ~とく (買っとく). It can also mean leaving a state as is, as in 窓を開けておく.
Examples
-
旅行(りょこう)の前(まえ)に切符(きっぷ)を買(か)っておきます。
Ryokō no mae ni kippu o katte okimasu.
I'll buy the tickets in advance before the trip.
-
客(きゃく)が来(く)る前(まえ)に部屋(へや)を掃除(そうじ)しておきます。
Kyaku ga kuru mae ni heya o sōji shite okimasu.
I'll clean the room in advance before the guests come.
-
会議(かいぎ)の資料(しりょう)を先(さき)にコピーしておいた。
Kaigi no shiryō o saki ni kopī shite oita.
I made copies of the meeting materials beforehand.
Common mistakes
- Do not confuse it with state ている.
- It is for deliberate preparation, so use it with volitional verbs.
More grammar points
- 意向形(いこうけい) Volitional form (意向形) — “let's ~ / I will ~”
- ことができる ~ことができる — “can ~ / be able to ~”
- られる ~られる — potential form (can ~)
- させられる ~させられる — causative-passive (“be made to ~”)
- させる ~させる — causative (“make / let someone ~”)
- たがる ~たがる — a third person “wants to ~”
- てあげる ~てあげる — “do ~ for someone”
- てほしい ~てほしい — “I want you to ~”
- ていく ~ていく — “go on ~ing / from now on”
- ていた ~ていた — “was ~ing” (past continuous)
- てくれる ~てくれる — “someone does ~ for me”
- てくる ~てくる — “go and come back / become / start to ~”
- てみる ~てみる — “try ~ing”
- てもらう ~てもらう — “have / get someone to ~”
- てしまう / ちゃう ~てしまう / ~ちゃう — completion or regret
- てやる ~てやる — “do ~ for” (casual, to someone below)
- 受身形(うけみけい) Passive form (受身形) — be ~ed
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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