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JLPT N4 · Verb forms

てしまう / ちゃう (te shimau / chau)

~てしまう / ~ちゃう — completion or regret

In short · Te-form + しまう expresses (1) finishing an action completely, or (2) doing something by accident or with regret. In casual speech it contracts to ちゃう / じゃう.
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Pattern

  • 動詞て形+しまう Verb te-form + しまう (やってしまう)
  • 口語:〜ちゃう/〜じゃう Casual: ~ちゃう / ~じゃう (忘れちゃう / 読んじゃう)

Completion

宿題を全部やってしまった means you finished it all. 一日で本を読んでしまった can carry surprise or a hint of “what a waste.”

Regret or accident

傘を忘れてしまった expresses regret over something you did not want to happen. In conversation: 忘れちゃった. If the te-form ends in で, use じゃう (読んじゃう).

Examples

  • 宿題(しゅくだい)を全部(ぜんぶ)やってしまいました。

    Shukudai o zenbu yatte shimaimashita.

    I finished all my homework.

  • 面白(おもしろ)くて、一日(いちにち)でその本(ほん)を読(よ)んでしまった。

    Omoshirokute, ichinichi de sono hon o yonde shimatta.

    It was so interesting that I finished reading the book in one day.

  • 急(いそ)いでいて、大切(たいせつ)な傘(かさ)を電車(でんしゃ)に忘(わす)れちゃった。

    Isoide ite, taisetsu na kasa o densha ni wasurechatta.

    I was in a hurry and accidentally left my precious umbrella on the train.

Common mistakes

  • Verbs whose te-form ends in で take じゃう (読んじゃう).
  • With deliberate actions the regret nuance is weak.

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