JLPTMainichi JLPT
English
JLPT N4 · Verb forms

意向形(いこうけい) (ikou kei - volitional form)

Volitional form (意向形) — “let's ~ / I will ~”

In short · The volitional form is the plain form of ~ましょう. It is used to invite someone (“let's ~”) or to state your own intention (“I think I'll ~”) in casual speech.
A free study page from Mainichi JLPT — the app has 429+ grammar points, plus vocabulary and mock exams.See the app

Pattern

  • Ⅰ類(五段):語尾 u段 → o段 + う 行く → 行こう / 休む → 休もう / 登る → 登ろう
  • Ⅱ類(一段):る → よう / Ⅲ類:する → しよう、来る → 来(こ)よう 食べる → 食べよう / 見る → 見よう / する → しよう / 来る → 来よう

How it is formed

For godan verbs, change the last sound to the o-row and add う (書く → 書こう). For ichidan verbs, replace る with よう (食べる → 食べよう). する becomes しよう and 来る becomes 来よう (こよう).

When to use it

Use it to invite friends (週末は海へ行こう) or to decide for yourself (少し休もう). The polite version is 行きましょう. With ~(よ)うと思う you can also state an intention that is not yet fixed.

Things to watch

It is casual, so it sounds unnatural to someone of higher status. When used for your own decision, it shows little interest in the listener's opinion, so it can sound close to an order.

Examples

  • 週末(しゅうまつ)は海(うみ)へ行(い)こう。

    Shūmatsu wa umi e ikō.

    Let's go to the sea this weekend.

    行く → 行こう (godan: k + u → k + ō).

  • 疲(つか)れたから、少(すこ)し休(やす)もう。

    Tsukareta kara, sukoshi yasumō.

    I'm tired, so let's rest a little.

  • 今度(こんど)の休(やす)みに、山(やま)へ登(のぼ)ろう。

    Kondo no yasumi ni, yama e noborō.

    Let's climb a mountain on the next holiday.

Common mistakes

  • Do not treat ichidan verbs like godan verbs: it is 食べよう, not 食べろう.
  • To a superior, use ~ましょう; ~よう is for friends and family.

More grammar points

Practice this in the app

Mainichi JLPT turns these grammar points into daily quizzes and a readiness gauge — 100% free, no sign-up.

See the app