させる (saseru)
~させる — causative (“make / let someone ~”)
Pattern
-
1グループ:ない形+せるGroup 1: ない-stem + せる (読む → 読ませる) -
2グループ:語幹+させるGroup 2: stem + させる (食べる → 食べさせる)
Choosing the particle
With intransitive verbs (寝る, 行く) mark the person made to act with を (子どもを寝させる). With transitive verbs (読む, 掃除する) use に (弟に掃除させる).
Range of meaning
It can mean forcing or allowing. It is basically for someone with authority telling someone below them to act, so it is rude to use for a superior.
Examples
-
母(はは)は弟(おとうと)に部屋(へや)を掃除(そうじ)させました。
Haha wa otōto ni heya o sōji sasemashita.
My mother made my brother clean his room.
-
先生(せんせい)は学生(がくせい)に本(ほん)を読(よ)ませた。
Sensei wa gakusei ni hon o yomaseta.
The teacher made the students read a book.
-
母(はは)は子(こ)どもを早(はや)く寝(ね)させた。
Haha wa kodomo o hayaku nesaseta.
The mother made the child go to sleep early.
Common mistakes
- Intransitive verbs take を, transitive verbs take に for the person.
- Do not use ~させる toward a superior.
More grammar points
- 意向形(いこうけい) Volitional form (意向形) — “let's ~ / I will ~”
- ことができる ~ことができる — “can ~ / be able to ~”
- られる ~られる — potential form (can ~)
- させられる ~させられる — causative-passive (“be made to ~”)
- たがる ~たがる — a third person “wants to ~”
- てあげる ~てあげる — “do ~ for someone”
- てほしい ~てほしい — “I want you to ~”
- ていく ~ていく — “go on ~ing / from now on”
- ていた ~ていた — “was ~ing” (past continuous)
- てくれる ~てくれる — “someone does ~ for me”
- てくる ~てくる — “go and come back / become / start to ~”
- てみる ~てみる — “try ~ing”
- てもらう ~てもらう — “have / get someone to ~”
- ておく ~ておく — “do ~ in advance”
- てしまう / ちゃう ~てしまう / ~ちゃう — completion or regret
- てやる ~てやる — “do ~ for” (casual, to someone below)
- 受身形(うけみけい) Passive form (受身形) — be ~ed
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
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