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JLPT N4 · Verb forms

させる (saseru)

~させる — causative (“make / let someone ~”)

In short · The causative form, for making or letting someone do something. Group 1: ない-stem + せる; group 2: stem + させる; する → させる; 来る → 来させる.
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Pattern

  • 1グループ:ない形+せる Group 1: ない-stem + せる (読む → 読ませる)
  • 2グループ:語幹+させる Group 2: stem + させる (食べる → 食べさせる)

Choosing the particle

With intransitive verbs (寝る, 行く) mark the person made to act with を (子どもを寝させる). With transitive verbs (読む, 掃除する) use に (弟に掃除させる).

Range of meaning

It can mean forcing or allowing. It is basically for someone with authority telling someone below them to act, so it is rude to use for a superior.

Examples

  • 母(はは)は弟(おとうと)に部屋(へや)を掃除(そうじ)させました。

    Haha wa otōto ni heya o sōji sasemashita.

    My mother made my brother clean his room.

  • 先生(せんせい)は学生(がくせい)に本(ほん)を読(よ)ませた。

    Sensei wa gakusei ni hon o yomaseta.

    The teacher made the students read a book.

  • 母(はは)は子(こ)どもを早(はや)く寝(ね)させた。

    Haha wa kodomo o hayaku nesaseta.

    The mother made the child go to sleep early.

Common mistakes

  • Intransitive verbs take を, transitive verbs take に for the person.
  • Do not use ~させる toward a superior.

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