のに (noni)
~のに — “for ~ing” (purpose)
Pattern
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動詞辞書形+のにDictionary form + のに (開けるのに)
Form and meaning
Verb dictionary form + のに means roughly “in order to ~”. You can think of it as the nominalizer の plus the particle に.
What follows
It is followed by words about use, usefulness, need, or time and cost: 使う, 役立つ, 便利だ, 必要だ, かかる, いい. Unlike ために, it is not natural for stating the purpose of a deliberate action such as 買う or 行く.
Examples
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この道具(どうぐ)は缶(かん)を開(あ)けるのに使(つか)います。
Kono dōgu wa kan o akeru noni tsukaimasu.
This tool is used for opening cans.
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この本(ほん)は日本語(にほんご)を勉強(べんきょう)するのに役立(やくだ)つ。
Kono hon wa Nihongo o benkyō suru noni yakudatsu.
This book is useful for studying Japanese.
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駅(えき)まで行(い)くのに三十分(さんじゅっぷん)かかる。
Eki made iku noni sanjuppun kakaru.
It takes thirty minutes to get to the station.
Common mistakes
- This is different from the contrastive のに (“although”); tell them apart by context.
- Unlike ために, it does not normally lead into verbs like 行く or 買う (× 勉強するのに日本へ行く).
More grammar points
- 間(あいだ) 間 — “during ~ / while ~ / between ~”
- 間(あいだ)に ~間に — “while ~ (something happens during that time)”
- あまり~ない あまり~ない — “not very ~ / not much”
- 後(あと)で ~あとで — “after ~ / later”
- ば ~ば — the conditional “if ~”
- 場合(ばあい)は ~場合は — “in the case of ~ / if ~”
- ばかり ばかり — “nothing but ~ / only ~”
- だけで ~だけで — “just by ~ / with only ~”
- 出(だ)す ~出す — “start ~ing suddenly”
- でございます ~でございます — the very polite “to be”
- でも 名詞でも — “~ or something / how about ~?”
- ではないか ~ではないか — “isn’t it ~? / isn’t that so?”
- が必要(がひつよう) ~が必要だ — “~ is necessary / needed”
- がする ~がする — sensing a smell, sound, taste or feeling
- がり ~がり — a person who easily feels ~
- がる / がっている ~がる / ~がっている — showing signs of a feeling (third person)
- ございます ございます — the polite “there is / it is”
- 始(はじ)める ~始める — begin to do ~
Practice this in the app
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